Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Blood Donation among Degree students

 

Shilpa Kulkarni¹, Ajaykumar Kamble², Krishna Dhage², Kavita Palwade², Vaishnavi Ghuge², Rahul Sanap², Kajal Sonawane²

¹Associate Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing,

Swatantra Senani Uttamraoji Patil Nursing College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

²Final Year B. B.Sc Nursing Students, Swatantra Senani Uttamraoji Patil Nursing College,

Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

 

ABSTRACT:

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding blood donation among students studying in Selected Degree Colleges, Aurangabad. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students before planned teaching programme. To prepare and administer planned teaching programme regarding blood donation among students. To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students after planned teaching programme. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding blood donation among students. To find out the association between post test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This pre experimental one group pre test post test study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding blood donation among the students studying in selected degree colleges. Non – probability convenient sampling technique was used for the sample collection of 50 students studying in Maharashtra Institute of Technology college, Aurangabad. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching programme. The present study was evaluative in nature. The conceptual framework used for the study was based on ‘MODIFIED VON BERTTLANFFY’S’ theory. RESULT: In the comparison between pre test and post test the knowledge score of students was more in post test than pre test. In pre test 3[6%] subjects had good knowledge regarding blood donation, 5[10%] subjects had poor knowledge and 42[84%] subjects had average knowledge regarding blood donation. Whereas in post test, 49[98%] subject had good knowledge and only 01[2%] subject had average knowledge regarding blood donation. The mean difference of pre test and post test was 10.22 and paired t value was 55.72. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that planned teaching program was helpful to increase knowledge regarding blood donation among degree students.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

If you donate money, you give food! But if you donate blood, you give life!

 

Blood is the most important, precious and valuable gift that a healthy person can offer to a needy individual. It is vitally important for the human beings and plays a life saving role in the treatment of thousands of patients daily. The advances of the medical services have improved the treatment of the different disease specially the management of the trauma and the different surgical procedure. As the result the need for the blood donation and transfusion services has been increased many time.¹

 

Blood is the fluid connective tissue. It is a composed of 55% Plasma and 45% of blood cell. Blood makes 7% of body weight and about 5 to 6 litres in adults. Blood brings oxygen and nutrients to all the part of the body so they can keep working. Blood also help to fight with the various infection and carries hormones around the body.²

 

Blood donation gives us the rare opportunity to improve the person's own health while contributing to save someone else's life. Blood donation is the safe and simple procedure that involves volunteers giving blood, plasma, platelets or other blood products. Blood is the vital health care resource used in the broad range of clinical services. As a result of advances in clinical science and global increase in population, the need for blood is growing day by day blood transfusion saves millions of life each year worldwide.³

 

Adults are the pillar of the nation. They are the future generation of the country. If adults be aware about the need for blood in the nation which is increasing day by day then the need for blood will meet soon in the nation. The implementation of the planned teaching programme on blood donation will definitely help the degree students to create awareness and help to increase the knowledge and positive attitude towards the blood donation.

 

In the developing country, the hesitation among the people to donate blood is accounted to misconception. Some common misconception are:

1.     People may contact with infection if they donate blood.

2.     People cannot donate blood if they have high blood pressure.

3.     Individuals can only give blood once a year.

4.     Vegetarians and vegans can never donate blood.⁴

 

Every year our nation requires about 5 crore units of blood, out of which only a 2 crore unit of blood is available. There is no substitute for human blood. Every two second someone needs blood. In our country 63.6% of the population is between the age of 15 to 64 years. The average adult has around 5 - 6 liters of blood. (Roughly 7-8% of our blood weight) making a blood donation uses about 350ml of blood. Adults body has an amazing capacity, energy and immunity to replace all the cell and fluid that have been lost during blood donation.⁶

 

There are some basic requirement individual needs to fulfill in order to become a blood donor, Age between 18-65 years, Weight at least 50kg, Hemoglobin level should be minimum 12.5g/dl require during blood donation. Some temporary contraindications for blood donation is fever (about 99.5 degree F), pregnancy, recent alcohol intake, body tattooing. Some permanently contraindication for blood donation is Cancer, hepatitis B and C, HIV infection and unexplained weight loss of more than 5kg over 6 month.⁷

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research Objectives:

1)    To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students before planned teaching programme.

2)    To prepare and administer planned teaching programme regarding blood donation among students.

3)    To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students after planned teaching programme.

4)    To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding blood donation among students.

5)    To findout the association between post test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables.

 

Research Design:

The research design is Pre experimental, one group pre test post test.

 

Research setting:

Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad

 

Sample: Degree college students.

 

Sample size and sampling technique:

The sample size considered for the study was 50 students. The sampling technique used for the study was convenient sampling, which is a type of non probability sampling technique.

 

Development and description of tool:

The tool used for gathering relevant data, structured knowledge questionnaire and planned teaching programme on blood donation

 

Description of the tool:

On modifying the tool as per the expert’s suggestions the final tool consists of three sections.

Section I: Information on demographic variables of respondents containing 7 items.

Section II: Knowledge questionnaire of 30 items on blood donation with maximum score of 30.

Section III: Planned teaching programme on blood donation.

Criteria for selection of samples:

Inclusion criteria: The criteria includes,

·       Both male and female participants

·       Participants of age 18-24 years.

·       Students available at the time of data collection.

·       Students who are able to read and write English.

 

Exclusion criteria:

The study excludes the students who are not willing to participate.

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Table No. 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of samples according to demographic variables N=50

 

Table No. 2: Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding blood donation                                         N=50

 

 

Table No. 3: Association between post test knowledge score with selected demographic variables                                                  N=50

 

Table no 3 revealed that the demographic variable Gender was associated. Whereas other demographic variables age, Education, religion, occupation, Income of family, previous history regarding Blood donation were not associated.

 

REFERENCES:

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2.   Sludged Blood; Melvin H. Knisely, Edward H. Bloch, Theodore S. Eliot, and Louise Warner Science 7 Nov 1947 Vol 106, Issue 2758, pp. 431-440 DOI: 10.1126/science.106.2758.431

3.   Fordham J, Dhingra N. Towards 100% voluntary blood donation: A Global Framework for Action. Geneva: WHO; 2010.

4.   Alruwaili, Muharib and Alruwaili, Muharib. (2017). The Benefits of Donating Blood. www.Researchgate.in

5.   Mammen JJ, Asirvatham ES, Lakshmanan J, Sarman CJ, Pandey A, Ranjan V, et al. The clinical demand and supply of blood in India: A National level estimation study. PLoS ONE. 2022; 17(4): e0265951. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265951

6.   Blood Donor Selection: Guidelines on Assessing Donor Suitability for Blood Donation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. 4, General donor assessment. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138219

7.   Sharma RK, Verma S, Sharma M, Pugazhendi S. Voluntary Blood Donation: Attitude and Practice among Indian Adults. J Community Med Health. 2016; 3: 436. doi:10.4172/2161-0711.1000436

8.   Complication related to blood donation. A Multicenter Study of the prevalence and influencing factors in voluntary blood donation camps in Karnataka, India. Agarwal, Rajat Kumar et. al., Asian Journal of Transfusion Science. 2016; 10(1): 53-58. DOI. 10.4103/09736247.165840

9.   Bhandari S, Nepal P, Pokharel B. Knowledge Regarding Blood Donation among Students of a College in Western Nepal. J Lumbini Med Coll [Internet]. 10Sep. 2020; 8(2): 201-5. Available from: https://www.jlmc.edu.np/index.php/JLMC/article/view/302

10. Dr. Uma.S, Dr. Arun.R, Dr. Arumugam. P, The knowledge, Attitude and practice towards blood donation among voluntary blood donors in Chennai, India: Published on June 01,2013. Available from : www.jcdr.net

 

 

 

Received on 25.03.2024           Modified on 03.06.2024

Accepted on 10.07.2024        ©A&V Publications All right reserved